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Bathing a patient in bed

Bed bath; Sponge bath

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Why a Patient Might Need Bed Baths

Some patients cannot safely leave their beds to bathe. For these people, daily bed baths can help keep their skin healthy, control odor, and increase comfort. If moving the patient causes pain, plan to give the patient a bed bath after the person has received pain medicine and it has taken affect.

Encourage the patient to be involved as possible in bathing themselves.

A bed bath is a good time to inspect a patient's skin for redness and sores. Pay special attention to skin folds and bony areas when checking.

Supplies for a Bed Bath

You will need:

• Large bowl of warm water (around 106 degrees Fahrenheit)
• Soap (regular or non-rinse soap)
• Two washcloths or sponges
• Dry towel
• Lotion
• Shaving supplies, if you are planning to shave the patient
• Comb or other hair care products
• Deodorant

Bag Bath - instead of soap and water. If available, you can use a bag bath package with 8 to 10 premoistened disposable cloths that contain a no-rinse surfactant instead of using soap and water. The bag bath needs to be warmed before use.

If you wash the patient's hair, use either a dry shampoo that combs out or a basin that is designed for washing hair in bed. This kind of basin has a tube in the bottom that allows you to keep the bed dry before you later drain the water.

How to Give a Bed Bath

The following steps should be followed when giving a bed bath:

• Bring all the supplies you will need to the patient's bedside. Raise the bed to a comfortable height to prevent straining your back.
• Explain to the patient that you are about to give them a bed bath.
• Make sure you uncover only the area of the body you are washing. This will keep the person from getting too cold. It also provides privacy.
• While the patient is lying on their back, begin by washing their face and move toward their feet. Then, roll your patient to one side and wash their back.
• To wash a patient's skin, first wet the skin, then gently apply a small amount of soap. Check with the patient to make sure the temperature is okay and you are not rubbing too hard.
• Make sure you rinse off all the soap and then pat the area dry, including the skin folds and creases. Apply lotion before covering the area up.
• Bring fresh, warm water to the patient's bedside with a clean washcloth to wash private areas. First wash the genitals, then move toward the buttocks, always washing from front to back.

References

American Red Cross. Assisting with personal cleanliness and grooming. In: American Red Cross. American Red Cross Nurse Assistant Training Textbook. 3rd ed. American National Red Cross; 2013:chap 13.

Konya I, Nishiya K, Yano R. Effectiveness of bed bath methods for skin integrity, skin cleanliness and comfort enhancement in adults: A systematic review. Nurs Open. 2021;8(5): 2284-2300. doi.org/10.1002/nop2.836.

Smith SF, Duell DJ, Martin BC, Gonzalez L, Aebersold M. Personal hygiene. In: Smith SF, Duell DJ, Martin BC, Gonzalez L, Aebersold M, eds. Clinical Nursing Skills: Basic to Advanced Skills. 9th ed. New York, NY: Pearson; 2017:chap 9.

Timby BK. Assisting with basic needs. In: Timby BK, ed. Fundamentals of nursing skills and concepts. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health: Lippincott Williams & Wilkens. 2017:unit 5.

Review Date: 10/23/2021  

Reviewed By: Jennifer K. Mannheim, ARNP, Medical Staff, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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