Fleas

Fleas are small insects that feed on the blood of humans, dogs, cats, and other warm-blooded animals.

Causes

Fleas prefer to live on dogs and cats. They may also be found on humans and other warm-blooded animals.

Pet owners may not be affected by fleas until their pet has been gone for a period of time. Fleas look for other sources of food and begin to bite humans.

Symptoms

Bites often occur on the legs and places where clothes fit close to the body, such as the waist, buttocks, thighs, and lower abdomen.

Symptoms of flea bites include:

• Small red bumps, often three bumps together, that are very itchy
• Blisters if the person has an allergy to flea bites

Exams and Tests

Usually, a diagnosis can be made when the health care provider examines the skin where the bites are. Questions may be asked about contact with animals such as cats and dogs.

In rare cases, a skin biopsy is done to rule out other skin problems.

Treatment

You can use an over-the-counter 1% hydrocortisone cream to relieve itching. Antihistamines you take by mouth may also help with itching.

Possible Complications

Scratching can lead to a skin infection.

Fleas can carry bacteria that cause diseases in humans, such as typhus and plague. The bacteria can be transmitted to humans by flea bites.

Typhus

Typhus is a bacterial disease spread by lice or fleas.

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Plague

Plague is a severe bacterial infection that may cause death. The disease affects small mammals, mainly rodents, and humans.

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Prevention

Prevention may not always be possible. The goal is to get rid of the fleas. This can be done by treating your home, pets, and outside areas with chemicals (pesticides). Small children should not be in the home when pesticides are being used. Birds and fish must be protected when chemicals are sprayed. Home foggers and flea collars do not always work to get rid of fleas. Always consult your veterinarian for help.

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