Health risks of alcohol use

Beer, wine, and liquor all contain alcohol (ethanol). Drinking an excessive amount of alcohol can put you at risk for alcohol-related problems.

Definition of Alcohol Use

Beer, wine, and liquor all contain alcohol. If you are drinking any of these, you are using alcohol. Your drinking patterns may vary, depending on who you are with and what you are doing.

Drinking an excessive amount of alcohol can put you at risk for alcohol-related problems if:

• You are a man of legal drinking age who has 15 or more drinks a week, or often have 5 or more drinks at a time.
• You are a woman of legal drinking age who has 8 or more drinks a week, or often have 4 or more drinks at a time.

One drink is defined as 12 ounces, oz (360 milliliters, mL) of beer, 5 oz (150 mL) of wine, or a 1 1/2-oz (45 mL) shot of liquor.

Alcohol Use and Your Health

Long-term excessive alcohol use increases your chances of:

• Bleeding from the stomach or esophagus (the tube the food travels through from your mouth to your stomach).

  Stomach

  A peptic ulcer is an open sore or raw area in the lining of the stomach or intestine. There are two types of peptic ulcers:Gastric ulcer -- occurs in...

   

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  Esophagus

  The esophagus (food pipe) is the tube that connects your throat to your stomach. Varices are enlarged veins that may be found in the esophagus in pe...

   

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• Swelling and damage to the pancreas (pancreatitis). Your pancreas produces substances your body needs to work well.

  Swelling and damage to the pancreas

  Pancreatitis is swelling of the pancreas. Chronic pancreatitis is present when this problem does not heal or recurs and does not improve, gets worse...

   

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• Damage to the liver. When severe, liver damage often leads to death.

  Damage to the liver

  Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver and poor liver function. It is the last stage of chronic liver disease.

   

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• Poor nutrition.
• Cancer of the esophagus, liver, colon, head and neck, breasts, and other areas.

Excessive drinking can also:

• Make it harder to control high blood pressure with medicines if you already have high blood pressure.
• Lead to heart problems in some people.

Alcohol can affect your thinking and judgment each time you drink. Long-term excessive alcohol use damages brain cells. This can lead to lasting damage to your memory, thinking, and the way you behave.

Damage to nerves from alcohol use can cause many problems, including:

• Numbness or a painful "pins and needles" feeling in your arms or legs.
• Problems with erections in men.
• Leaking urine or having a hard time passing urine.

Drinking during pregnancy can harm your growing baby. Severe birth defects or fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) may occur.

How Alcohol Use Can Affect Your Life

People often drink to make themselves feel better or to block feelings of sadness, depression, nervousness, or worry. But alcohol can:

• Make these problems worse over time.
• Cause sleep problems or make them worse.
• Increase the risk for suicide.

Families are often affected when someone in the home uses alcohol excessively. Violence and conflict in the home is much more likely when a family member uses excessive alcohol. Children who grow up in a home where alcohol is used excessively are more likely to:

• Do poorly in school.
• Be depressed and have problems with anxiety and low self-esteem.

Drinking too much alcohol even once can harm you or others. It can lead to any of the following:

• Car accidents
• Divorce
• Risky sex habits, which may lead to unplanned or unwanted pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Falls, drowning, and other accidents
• Suicide
• Violence, sexual assault, and homicide

There is no evidence that alcohol improves any aspect of your health.

What You Can Do

First, ask yourself what type of drinker you are?

Even if you are a responsible drinker, drinking too much just once can be harmful.

Be aware of your drinking patterns. Learn ways to cut back on drinking.

If you cannot control your drinking or if your drinking is becoming harmful to yourself or others, seek help from:

• Your health care provider
• Support and self-help groups for people who have drinking problems

  Support and self-help groups

  The following organizations are good resources for information on alcohol use disorder:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- www. cdc. gov/al...

   

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