Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy
Sympathectomy - endoscopic thoracic; ETC; Hyperhidrosis - endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy
Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is surgery to treat sweating that is much heavier than normal. This condition is called hyperhidrosis. Usually the surgery is used to treat sweating of the palms or face. The sympathetic nerves control sweating. The surgery cuts these nerves to the part of the body that sweats too much.
Description
You will receive general anesthesia before surgery. This will make you asleep and pain-free.
The surgery is usually done the following way:
- The surgeon makes 2 or 3 small cuts (incisions) under one arm on the side where the excessive sweating occurs.
- Your lung on this side is deflated (collapsed) so that air does not move in and out of it during surgery. This gives the surgeon more room to work.
- A small camera called an endoscope is inserted through one of the cuts into your chest. Video from the camera shows on a monitor in the operating room. The surgeon views the monitor while doing the surgery.
- Other small tools are inserted through the other cuts.
- Using these tools, the surgeon finds the nerves that control sweating in the problem area. These are cut, clipped, or destroyed.
- Your lung on this side is inflated.
- The cuts are closed with stitches (sutures).
- A small drainage tube may be left in your chest for a day or so.
After doing this procedure on one side of your body, the surgeon may do the same on the other side. The surgery takes about 1 to 3 hours.
Why the Procedure Is Performed
This surgery is usually done in people whose palms sweat much more heavily than normal. It may also be used to treat extreme sweating of the face. It is only used when other treatments to reduce sweating have not worked.
Risks
Risks of anesthesia and surgery in general are:
- Allergic reactions to medicines
- Breathing problems
- Bleeding, blood clots, or infection
Risks for this procedure are:
- Blood collection in the chest (hemothorax)
- Air collection in the chest (pneumothorax)
- Damage to arteries or nerves
- Horner syndrome (decreased facial sweating and drooping of one or both eyelids)
- Increased or new sweating
- Increased sweating in other areas of the body (compensatory sweating)
- Slowing of the heartbeat
- Pneumonia
Before the Procedure
Tell your surgeon or health care provider:
- If you are or could be pregnant
- What medicines, vitamins, herbs, and other supplements you are taking, even ones you bought without a prescription
During the days before the surgery:
- You may be asked to stop taking blood thinner drugs. Some of these are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and warfarin (Coumadin).
- Ask your surgeon which medicines you should still take on the day of your surgery.
- If you smoke, try to stop. Ask your provider for help quitting. Smoking increases the risk for problems such as slow healing.
On the day of your surgery:
- Follow instructions about when to stop eating and drinking.
- Take the medicines your surgeon told you to take with a small sip of water.
- Arrive at the hospital on time.
After the Procedure
Most people stay in the hospital one night and go home the next day. You may have pain for a week or two. Take pain medicine as your doctor recommended. You may need acetaminophen (Tylenol) or prescription pain medicine. Do not drive if you are taking narcotic pain medicine.
Follow the surgeon's instructions about taking care of the incisions, including:
- Keep the incision areas clean, dry, and covered with dressings (bandages). If your incision is covered with skin adhesive such as Dermabond (liquid bandage) you may not need any dressings.
- Wash the areas and change the dressings as instructed.
- Ask your surgeon when you can shower or bathe.
Slowly resume your regular activities as you are able.
Keep follow-up visits with the surgeon. At these visits, the surgeon will check the incisions and see if the surgery was successful.
Outlook (Prognosis)
This surgery may improve the quality of life for most people. It does not work as well for people who have very heavy armpit sweating. Some people notice sweating in new places on the body, but this may go away on its own.
References
International Hyperhidrosis Society website. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. www.sweathelp.org/hyperhidrosis-treatments/ets-surgery.html. Accessed April 5, 2023.
Farrugia ME, Kavanagh GM. Hyperhidrosis. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Coulson I, Murell DF, eds. Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 109.
Miller DL, Miller MM. Surgical treatment of hyperhidrosis. In: Sellke FW, del Nido PJ, Swanson SJ, eds. Sabiston and Spencer Surgery of the Chest. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 44.
Review Date: 3/11/2023
Reviewed By: Debra G. Wechter, MD, FACS, General Surgery Practice Specializing in Breast Cancer, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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